Instruments for total knee arthroplasty

ABSTRACT

An instrument assembly for resecting a distal femur for receipt of a knee implant, comprising an intramedullary rod and resection instruments. A valgus portion of the intramedullary rod has series of engagement members positioned to provide a plurality of engagement positions for use in fixing the resection instruments on the valgus portion. The resection instruments are configured to selectively engage and selectively lock on the valgus rod at the engagement positions via the engagement members. The engagement members preferably comprise pairs of substantially vertical indents arranged in parallel along opposing sides of said valgus portions. The resection instruments preferably engages and locks to said engagement members via a sliding rod engagement member. The resection instruments preferably include a distal cut guide having a distal resection slot and a femoral resection block.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to and incorporates by .reference U.S.Provisional Patent Application 60/780,635, filed Mar. 9, 2006, which ispending.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

Not applicable

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to knee surgery, and more particularly tofemoral resection. instruments and methods that are particularly suitedfor minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty surgical procedures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Total knee implants have been around for many years. Over the years,various instruments have been developed for preparing the distal femurand the proximal tibia. for receipt. of knee implants. Performance of aknee replacement surgery typically includes modification of one, orboth, of the proximal end of the tibia and the distal end of the femurto have a shape that accommodates the tibial and femoral components,respectively, of the knee prosthesis. Modification typically involvessome type of cutting procedure, e.g., with a bone saw, to prepare planarsurfaces on the femur for attachment of the femoral component. Aneffective attachment of the femoral component to the femur isfacilitated by cutting the femur at appropriate depths and angles thatmatch the dimensions and angles of the attachment (i.e.,non-articulating) surfaces on the underside of the femoral component.The femur, due to its complex geometry (e.g., lateral and medialcondyles and intracondylar notch) can be particularly difficult to shapeand therefore benefits greatly from accurate cuts. In addition, propersizing of the components is important to ensure that the knee prosthesishas adequate stability and range of motion. To this end, variouscalipers and resection guides have been developed that measure the tibiaand femur to determine appropriate sizes for the femoral and tibialcomponents. Examples of instruments and methods are found in applicant'sU.S. Pat. No. 4,474,177, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0209600A1, and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0241634A1, whichare incorporated herein by reference.

Despite the effectiveness of knee replacement systems, additional.improvements in systems and methods for preparing the distal femur forattachment of a femoral component are always desirable.

OBJECTS AND BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide improved instruments forfemoral knee resections that eliminate the use of a stylus or pins.These and other objects of the invention are achieved by providing aninstrument assembly for use in preparing a distal femur for receipt ofan implant, the instrument assembly comprising an intramedullary rod andassociated resection instruments. The intramedullary rod has anintramedullary portion and a valgus portion. The valgus portion has aseries of engagement members thereon positioned to provide a pluralityof engagement positions for use in fixing resection instruments on thevalgus portion at the engagement positions. The resection instrumentsarc configured to selectively engage and selectively lock on the valgusrod at the engagement positions via the engagement members. Theengagement members of the valgus rod preferably comprise pairs ofsubstantially vertical indents arranged in parallel along opposing sidesof said valgus portions. The resection instrument preferably engages andlocks to the engagement members via a rod engagement member. The rod.engagement member is slidingly disposed in the resection instrument andhas a pair of opposing rail members. A retaining means is preferablyprovided for retaining the rod engagement. member in the resectioninstrument. Each rail member has a detent on an internal side thereof.The detests are sized and configured to selectively slide into andengage the pairs of indents to thereby lock the resection instrument ina selected engagement position. Detents of the rail members arepreferably arranged to slide along opposing medial and lateral edges ofa valgus rod aperture portion of the resection instrument. The valgusrod aperture portion is preferably configured to closely receive thevalgus rod in at least a generally medial-lateral orientation.

The resection instruments preferably include a distal cut guide having adistal resection slot and a femoral resection block configured formaking resections corresponding to an internal box geometry of a femoralimplant. In a preferred embodiment, a main body of the distal cut guideis provided with a pair of drill guides. Each drill guide has a drillaperture therethrough, the drill apertures positioned to coincide withfemoral pegs on the femoral resection block. for use in a establishing aposition for the femoral resection block on the femur.

The distal cut guide is preferably configured for anterior-posterioradjustment of the distal cut guide relative to the valgus rod. In apreferred embodiment, the anterior-posterior adjustment is provided by avalgus rod mount slidingly engaged to a main body portion of the distalcut guide, the valgus rod mount having a valgus rod aperture sized andconfigured to closely receive the valgus rod, so as to substantiallyprevent rotation of the valgus rod mount relative to the valgus rod. Aselective locking mechanism is preferably provided tilt use inselectively locking the valgus rod mount on the distal cut guide suchthat the main body portion can no longer translate relative to thevalgus rod.

The valgus rod preferably has a narrow medial-lateral width tofacilitate resection of the femur while the intramedullary rod is in anintramedullary canal of the femur. Opposing medial and lateral sides ofthe valgus rod are preferably substantially flat and lengthwise.

In addition to the foregoing, other features discussed below form partof the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-B provide views of one preferred embodiment of a femoralintramedullary rod configured for use in the invention.

FIGS. 2A-2E provide views of one preferred embodiment of a distal cutguide and components thereof for use in the invention.

FIGS. 3A-3D provide views of one preferred embodiment of a femoralresection block for use in the invention.

FIG. 4 shows one preferred embodiment of a distal cut guide mounted onan intramedullary rod according to the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a distal view of one preferred embodiment of a distal cutguide mounted on an intramedullary rod according to the invention.

FIG. 6 shows features of the distal cut guide that assist in visualizingthe position of box cuts for a correspondingly sized femoral kneeimplant.

FIG. 7 shows a distal view of one preferred embodiment of a resectionblock mounted on an intramedullary rod according to the invention.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments,reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof,and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments inwhich the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that otherembodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made withoutdeparting. from the scope of the present invention.

As shown in the figures, the invention generally comprises a set ofpitiless resection instruments for preparing the distal femur forreceipt of a femoral implant, along with methods of using theinstruments.

The pinless procedure is carried out with the use of a speciallyconfigured intramedullary Rod 10 (“IM rod”). As shown in FIGS. 1A and1B, the valgus rod 12 portion of the IM rod 10 has a narrowmedial-lateral configuration. The narrow medial-lateral profile of thevalgus rod 12 facilitates resection of the femur while the IM rod 10 isin the femur of the patient. A series of opposing grooves 14 are formed.along the medial and lateral sides of the valgus rod 12. The grooves 14serve as locking positions for a distal cut guide 20 and a femoralresection block 70, as will be described in further detail below. Themedial and lateral sides of the valgus rod 12 are preferably flat, whichprovides additional engagement surface between the grooves 14 and a rodengagement member of the distal cut guide 20 and the femoral resectionblock 70.

The intramedullary stein portion 8 of the IM rod 10 is preferablyprovided with a plurality of lengthwise straight cutting flutes orsplines 6 to prevent rotation of the IM rod 10 in the IM canal. A distalor trailing end of the stem 8 preferably has a tapered shoulder 4 formedthereon. The tapered shoulder 4 allows for a press fit fixation betweenthe shoulder 4 and the IM canal, which further serves to maintain the IMrod 10 in a fixed, non-rotational relationship with the IM canal. Thetapered shoulder 4 eliminates the use of fins on the stem portion 8. Asindicated in FIG. 1B, the valgus rod 12 is preferably set at a valgusangle (i.e. the axis of the valgus rod 12 is offset from the axis of theIM rod 10) in order to match the femoral resections to the mechanicalaxis of the patient's femur, in a manner known to those skilled in theart and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,177, which is incorporatedherein by reference. The valgus rod 12 will typically have a valgusangle of about 3 to about 7 degrees. An instrument set will typicallyinclude a set of rods 10 having various valgus angles, e.g. 3, 5 and 7degrees, so that the surgeon can select the appropriate valgus angle forthe particular patient. During use, the surgeon lines up the valgus rod12 with the trochlear groove of the femur.

FIG. 2 provides views of a distal cut guide 20 for use in a pinless TKAprocedure. As shown in FIG. 4, the distal cut guide 20 is configured tomount on the valgus rod 12 portion of the IM rod 10. The distal cutguide 20 includes a main body portion 22, which generally supports andinterconnects the other components of the distal cut guide 20. Thedistal cut guide 20 is preferably provided with a stylus guide 24 havinga stylus slot 25 passing therethrough. The stylus slot 25 can takevarious forms, but preferably has a lengthwise configuration to allowfor visualization along the anterior surface of the femur, as shown inFIG. 2B. The bottom. or posterior edge of the stylus slot 25 ispreferably positioned to align with the anterior edge of the femoralresection block 70, in order to assist the surgeon in visualizing theplacement of the femoral resection block 70.

As shown in FIG. 2, the distal cut guide 20 includes a distal resectionguide 26 having a resection slot 27, The distal resection guide 26 isconfigured for use in making a distal resection while the IM rod 10 isin the femur of the patient. As shown particularly in FIG. 2D, thedistal resection guide 26 is preferably provided with a pair ofresection slots 27, with each slot 27 opening along one of the opposingsides of the distal resection guide. Opposing walls of the distalresection guide 26 are joined by a central portion 29. The centralportion 29 is positioned to align with the valgus rod 12 when the distalcut guide 20 is mounted on the valgus rod 12. The distal resection guide26 may be attached to the stylus guide 24 or main body portion 22 via adistal resection guide support member 28.

The main body 22 of the distal cut guide 20 is provided with a pair ofdrill guides 30. Each drill guide 30 has a drill aperture 31therethrough. The drill apertures 31 are positioned to coincide withfemoral pegs 39 on the femoral resection block 70.

The main body portion 22 of the distal out guide 20 is configured forsliding engagement with an IM rod mount 40. In one preferred embodiment,the main body portion 22 is configured to have two downwardly dependinglegs, with opposing rail members 34 positioned along an interior side ofeach leg. As indicated in FIG. 2, the IM rod mount 40 is configured toslide along the rail members 34 in the anterior-posterior orientation.As shown in FIG. 2B, to prevent the IM rod mount 40 from separating fromthe posterior end of the rail members 34, a stop member 36, such as aset pin can be positioned adjacent a posterior end of one or both railmembers 34. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, a lower surface of the stylusguide 24 prevents the IM rod mount 40 from disengaging anteriorly fromthe rail members 34.

To assist the surgeon in visualizing the location of the posteriorresection, a pair of posterior arms 38 can be provided on the main bodyportion 22. The posterior arms 38 are preferably positioned andconfigured such that a flat posterior edge of each posterior arm 38coincides with the anterior or upper edge of the posterior resectionslot 75P of the femoral resection block 70.

A pair of femoral pegs 39 can be provided on the proximal or leadingface of the distal cut guide 20. The femoral pegs 39 have a sharppointed configuration, which allows the pegs 39 to readily engage thedistal surface of the uncut femur to assist in stabilizing the distalcut guide 20 on the valgus rod 12. The femoral pegs 39 are sized suchthat they do not interfere with the distal cut.

As noted above, the IM rod mount 40 is slidingly engaged to the mainbody portion 22, such that the main body portion 22 can be adjustedanteriorly-posteriorly relative to the valgus rod 12. The rod mount 40includes an IM rod aperture 41. The rod aperture 41 is sized andconfigured to closely receive the valgus portion 12 of the IM rod 10, soas to substantially prevent rotation or substantial movement of the IMrod mount 40 relative to the valgus rod 12. A selective lockingmechanism, such as set screw 42, is positioned for use in selectivelyfixing or locking they position of the IM rod mount 40 on the distal cutguide 20. With the IM rod mount 40 locked to the main body portion 22,the main body portion 22 can no longer translate relative to the valgusrod 12.

The IM rod mount 40 is configured to receive an IM rod engagement member50. The IM rod engagement member 50 is slidably engaged to IM rod mount40, such as via the engagement track or cavity 43 indicated in FIG. 2A.Details of a preferred embodiment of an IM rod engagement member 50 areshown in FIG. 2E. The IM rod engagement member 50 includes an IM rodaperture 51 generally farmed by a pair of opposing rail members 52. TheIM rod aperture 51 is longer than the A-P dimension of the valgus rod12, such that the IM rod engagement member 50 can translateanteriorly-posteriorly along the valgus rod 12.

The IM rod engagement member 50 includes a stop means for selectivelyengaging the grooves 14 of the valgus rod 12. In the embodiment of FIG.2E, the stop means is a pair of lengthwise IM rod detents 54 formedalong anterior inner surfaces of the rail members 52. Each IM rod detent54 is configured to selectively engage a selected one of the grooves 14of the valgus rod 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the distal cutguide 20 is selectively locked onto the valgus rod 12 by pushing ordropping the IM rod engagement member 50 down (posteriorly) until the IMrod detents 54 engage a selected pair of the opposing grooves 14. Notethat the anterior portion of IM rod aperture 51 is configured to rest onthe anterior surface of the valgus rod 12. If the surgeon is notsatisfied With the position of the distal cut guide 20, the surgeon candisengage the distal cut guide 20 from the valgus rod 12 by pulling upon the IM rod engagement member 50 until the IM rod detents 54 disengagefrom the valgus rod 12.

A retaining means 55 is provided for use in retaining the IM rodengagement member 50 in the IM rod mount 40. In the configuration shownin FIG. 2E, the retaining means 55 is a cutout 55 portion havingopposing shoulders for engaging a retaining member 45 of the IM rodmount 40.

The configuration of the distal cut guide 20 shown in FIG. 2 allows asurgeon to size the femur set rotation, set A-P positioning, make adistal resection, and drill peg holes with a single instrument. In mostanatomical conditions, only one of the condyles (typically the medialcondyle) will contact the proximal face of the distal cut guide 20. Thecontact between the distal cut guide 20 and the condyle is used tostabilize the distal cut guide 20. When making the distal cut, thesurgeon preferably starts by cutting the distal condyle that is nottouching the distal cut guide 20. If the surgeon makes the initial cuton the condyle that is touching the distal cut guide 20, this will leavea space between the cut condyle and the distal cut 20, which will tendto destabilize the distal cut guide 20.

Once the distal cut guide 20 has been used to make the distal cut andresection block holes have been drilled in the distal femur, the IM rodengagement member 50 is disengaged from the valgus rod 12 and the distalcut guide 20 is removed from the rod 12. A femoral resection block 70 isthen used to make the box cuts of the distal femur. In a preferredembodiment, the instruments are provided in the form of a surgical kit,with the kit including a pair of distal cut guides 20 and matchingfemoral resection blocks 70 for each size of femoral implant (e.g. sixsets of guides 20 and blocks 70 corresponding to implant sizes 1-6). Thekit also preferably includes a set of femoral implants of various sizes(e.g. sizes 1-6), with the implants configured for implantation on theresections made by respectively sized resection blocks 70.

FIG. 3 provides views of a preferred embodiment of a femoral resectionblock 70. The femoral resection block 70 has an IM rod aperture 71 foruse in mounting the femoral resection block 70 on the valgus rod 12. Thefemoral resection block 70 is provided with a means of locking or fixingthe resection block 70 in a selected position on the valgus rod 12. Inone preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 3, selective engagement isprovided by an IM rod engagement member 90 that is disposed in a slidingrelation to the resection block 70. The TM engagement member 90 slidesinto an engagement track 77 formed in the resection block 70. Details ofone preferred embodiment of an IM rod engagement member 90 are shown inFIG. 3D. The engagement member 90 is provided with opposing rail members92, which form an IM rod slot 91. The rail members 92 are held in afixed relation to one anther via an anterior cross bar 96, a lowersurface of which is configured to rest along an anterior surface of theresection block 70. A tab 98 preferably extends from the cross bar 96for use by the surgeon in manipulating the IM rod engagement member 90to engage or disengage the valgus rod 12.

IM rod detents 94 are provided along inner surfaces of the rail members92. Like the detents 54 of the distal resection guide 20, each IM roddetent 94 is configured to selectively engage a selected. one of thegrooves 14 of the valgus rod 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, theresection guide 70 is selectively locked onto the valgus rod 12 bypushing or dropping the IM rod engagement member 90 down (posteriorly)until the IM rod detents 94 engage a selected pair of the opposinggrooves 14.

To prevent the IM rod engagement member 90 from inadvertently separatingfrom the resection block 70, the IM rod engagement member 90 can beprovided with a retaining means 95, such as the retaining foot 95 formedon a lower end of a rail member 92, as shown in FIG. 3D. A retainingmeans 81, such as a set screw or plugs 81, can be provided on the bodyof the resection block 70 for use in retaining the IM rod engagementmember 90 in the resection block 70.

Femoral pegs 73 are provided on a posterior or leading surface of theresection block 70, The femoral Pegs 73 are sized and positioned tocoincide with the drill apertures 31 of the drill guides 30, such thatthe pegs 73 can he inserted in holes drilled into the distal cut femurvia the drill apertures 31. These features assure accurate transfer ofreference points between the distal cut guide 20 and the femoralresection block 70.

The femoral resection block has an anterior resection slot 75A, aposterior resection slot 75P, an anterior chamfer resection slot 75AC,and a posterior chamfer resection slot 75PC. All of the resections slotsare preferably broken into two slots, so as to facilitate resectioningaround the valgus rod 12. All of the resection slots preferably openalong respective lateral edges of the block 70.

One or more posterior positioning members 76 preferably extend from aposterior edge of the femoral resection block 70. The posteriorpositioning members 76 are sized to match the posterior edge of thefemoral implant, in order to assist the surgeon in visualizing finalpositioning of the implant.

Although the engagement portion of the instruments has been described ashaving a negative engagement (i.e. grooves 14) on the valgus rod 12 anda positive engagement member (e.g. detent 54) on the corresponding IMrod engagement member 50, 90, it will be appreciated that theengagements could be reversed without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention. In other words, a positive engagement, such as aseries of detents, could be provided on the valgus rod 12 and a negativeengagement, such as grooves, could be provided on the rod engagementmember 50, 90.

Although the instruments are designed for use without pins, situationsmay arise in which the surgeon will find it advantageous to pin thefemoral resection block 70 to the femur, such as when the quality of thecancellous bone is poor. For this purpose, pin holes 79 are preferablyprovided on the femoral resection block 70. As shown in FIG. 3B, the pinholes 79 are preferably located on the medial and lateral sides of theresection block 70, such that the pin holes 79 are positioned overcortical bone.

The components of the kit are preferably arranged in a convenientformat, such as in a surgical tray or case. However, the kit componentsdo not have to be packaged or delivered together, provided that they areassembled or collected together in the operating room for use at thetime of surgery.

A preferred method of use of the instruments will now be described. Thesize of the femur is preferably approximated through pre-operative x-raytemplating. The pitiless instruments of the invention are designed toallow for femoral sizing without the use of a stylus. Sizing isperformed by visually aligning the top and bottom of the distalresection guide 20 with the anterior cortex and posterior condyles,respectively. To assist in better visualizing the anterior cortex, arongeur is preferably used early in the procedure to create a smallnotch 100 at the deepest point of the anterior trochlear groove. Thebase of the notch should be flush. with the anterior cortex. The surgeondrills an opening in the femoral canal for insertion of the IM rod 10,in a manner known to those of skill in the art. The hole is eitherplaced medial and anterior to the anteromedial corner of theintercondylar notch, or in the center of the trochlear groove.

The valgus rod 12 sets the valgus angle (typically 5°), as well as theexternal rotation of the resection guide 20. Before inserting the IM rod10 into the femoral canal, the distal resection guide 20 is preferablyloaded onto the valgus rod 12 portion of the IM rod 10, and is lockedinto position by pushing down the locking shim or IM rod engagementmember 50. The IM rod 10 with the attached resection guide 20 is theninserted into the femoral canal. During insertion of the rod 10, thesurgeon irrigates and aspirates several times to reduce the chance of afat embolus, in a manner well known to those of skill in the art. Theresection guide 20 should be aligned with the trochlear groove (A/P axisor Whiteside's line), as indicated in FIG. 5. The epicondyles andposterior condyles can be used as a secondary check for femoralrotation. The rod 10 is secured in the femoral canal by impacting untilthe expanded fluted portion of the rod is flush with the surface of thedistal femur.

Once the IM rod 10 is set in position, the surgeon unlocks the distalresection guide 20 and repositions the distal resection guide 20 gentlyagainst the distal femur. When the distal resection guide 20 is properlypositioned against the distal femur, the surgeon reengages the IM rodengagement member 50 in order to lock the guide 20 in position on the.valgus rod 12. The resection guide 20 locking/set screw 42 is loosenedto allow the guide 20 to be adjusted anterior/posterior (A/P). Thesurgeon sets the A/P position of the 4-in-1 resection guide peg holes byinitially aligning the anterior window or stylus slot 25 of the guide 20with the anterior cortex of the distal femur. Alignment with theanterior cortex is preferably achieved by looking through the stylusslot 25 at the rongeur notch 100 that was previously made on theanterior trochlear groove, as indicated in FIG. 5. Although theinstruments are designed for use without a stylus, a smooth Steinmannpin (4.8 mm) may be optionally inserted through the window 25 into thenotch 100 to act as a stylus. Posteriorly, approximately 10 mm and 8 mmof posterior condyle should be visible below the medial and lateralposterior feet or arms 38, respectively. As shown in FIG. 6, in apreferred embodiment, the surface of the bottom edge of the anteriorwindow/stylus slot 25 and the bottom surface of the posterior feet 38represent the internal geometry of the correspondingly sized femoralcomponent. This feature allows the surgeon to readily visualize thelocation of the anterior and posterior resections, if the surgeondetermines that too much or too little posterior condyle will beresected the A/P position of the cutting guide 20 can be adjusted or theresection guide 20 can be removed and replaced with a different sizeresection guide 20. To further assist in confirming sizing, themedial/lateral width of the guide 20 is preferably the same width asthat of the corresponding size femoral component, as indicated in FIG.5. Once correct A/P position and size are established, the locking screw42 is tightened to set the A/P position of the guide 20, andparticularly the location of the drill apertures 31, since the apertures31 will establish the location of the femoral resection block 70. Therod 10 is then impacted into the femur until the femoral pins 39 arefully seated in the most prominent distal condyle. The surgeon thendrills through both of the drill apertures 31 to create holes for thefemoral resection block 70. The distal resection is carried out usingthe distal resection slot 27. The most prominent distal condyle providesstability and therefore should be resected last. The guide 20 isunlocked and removed from the valgus rod 12.

The surgeon selects a femoral resection block 70 that corresponds insize to the distal resection guide 20. The resection block 70 is sliddown the valgus rod 12 until the resection block 70 pegs 73 sink intothe pegs holes and the block 70 contacts the resected distal femur. Oncethe resection block 70 is in place, the resection block 70 is locked tothe rod by pressing down on the rod engagement member 90. If furtherdistal contact is desired, the rod 10 can be impacted more deeply intothe femur. Although the instruments are design for pinless TKAprocedures, pins can optionally be driven into the pin holes 79 of theblock 70 if added stability is desired. To assist with confirming A/Pposition and sizing, the distance between the posterior resection slot75P and the posterior edge of the positioning member 76 of the block 70matches the thickness of the posterior condyle of the correspondingfemoral component, as indicated in FIG. 7.

The rod 10 is left in the femur during the box and chamfer resections.Once resections are complete, the rod 10 is removed from the patient.The surgical technique concludes with trochlear groove resection, tibialresection and patellar procedures, in a manner known to those of skillin the art. The tibial resection can be made prior to the femoralresection, at the discretion. of the surgeon.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of specificembodiments, it is anticipated that alterations and modificationsthereof will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art. It istherefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as coveringall alterations and modifications that fall within the true spirit andscope of the invention.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A kit, comprising: a rod having a first portion anda second portion, said first portion including opposed first and secondsurfaces each having a respective series of engagement members disposedthereon, the engagement members configured to provide a plurality ofengagement positions; and a first cutting guide including a body havinga first side and a second side that is positioned at an angle withrespect to the first side, the first side defining an aperture sized andconfigured to receive the second portion of the rod therein, the secondside defining an engagement track; and a rod engagement member includinga pair of spaced apart rail members that are sized and configured to bereceived within the engagement track defined by the first cutting guide,at least one of the rail members including a rod detent that isconfigured to be received between a pair of adjacent engagement membersof the second portion of the rod when the second portion of the rod isreceived within the aperture defined by the first cutting guide and whenthe rod engagement member is disposed within the engagement trackdefined by the first cutting guide.
 22. The kit of claim 21, wherein therod engagement member defines a slot between the pair of spaced apartrail members.
 23. The kit of claim 22,, wherein the pair of spaced apartrail members are coupled together by a cross bar.
 24. The kit of claim21, wherein both spaced apart rail members include a respective roddetent.
 25. The kit of claim 21, wherein the first side of the firstcutting guide defines a pair of spaced apart pin holes.
 26. The kit ofclaim 25, wherein the first side of the first cutting guide defines apair of spaced apart resection slots.
 27. The kit of claim 21, whereinthe first cutting guide includes at least one peg extending from a thirdside that is disposed opposite the first side such that the second sideextends between the first and third sides.
 28. A method, comprising:inserting a first portion of a rod into a canal formed in a bone;positioning a first cutting guide over a second end of the rod such thatthe second portion of the rod is received within a slot defined by thefirst cutting guide, the slot extending from a first side to a secondside; and inserting a pair of spaced apart rail members of a rodengagement member into an engagement track defined by a third side ofthe first cutting guide that extends between the first and second sides,wherein at least one of the rail members includes a rod detent that isreceived between a pair of adjacent engagement members of the secondportion of the rod to secure the first cutting guide to the rod.
 29. Thesurgical method of claim 28, wherein the rod engagement member defines aslot between the pair of spaced apart rail members in which the secondportion of the rod is received.
 30. The surgical method of claim 28,wherein the pair of spaced apart rail members are inserted into theengagement track until a cross bar that couples together the pair ofspaced apart rail members contacts the first cutting guide.
 31. Thesurgical method of claim 28, wherein both spaced apart rail membersinclude a respective rod detent.
 32. The surgical method of claim 28,further comprising inserting a first pin into a first hole defined bythe first side of the first cutting guide; and inserting a second pininto a second hole defined by the first side of the first cutting guide.33. The surgical method of claim 28, further comprising inserting aresection tool through a slot defined by the first side of the firstcutting guide.